Non-Destructive and Destructive Testing to Analyse the Effects of Processing Parameters on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of FFF-Printed Graphene-Enhanced PLA

The significance of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods cannot be overstated as they help to evaluate the properties a material without damaging/fracturing it. However, their applicability is dependent on ability provide reliable correlation with destructive tests such tensile and flexural. This becomes more problematic when not homogeneous, case parts manufactured using popular additive manufacturing process termed fused filament fabrication (FFF). also requires optimisation its parameters achieve desired results. Therefore, this study aims investigate effects four different nozzle temperatures, print bed speeds FFF-printed Haydale’s Synergy Graphene Enhanced Super Tough PLA through three (ultrasonic, hardness, strain) two (tensile, flexural) methods. Samples were Anet® ET4 Pro 3D printer evaluated per British International standards. Two tests, i.e., ultrasonic hardness have been associated evaluating parts. These results correlated showed good agreement. NDT method strain measurement very three-point flexural test was able evaluation function all processing parameters. presented in work highlight importance how can used material.